As it is universally known that in desperate need just a single glass of water is worth more than anything, for example giving someone a glass of water in a place where there is no water is equivalent to giving them life. The fundamental units of all living things are cells, and trillions of cells make up the human body. Water is present inside these cells, and its exceptional ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds enables our cells to use important Dietary, minerals, and substances in biological processes. Water makes up 50 to 80 percent of all living creatures, including mankind, plants, and bacteria. As much as 99% of certain aquatic plants and animals, such as jellyfish and seaweeds, are made of water.
Natural system of water supply:
2. Water is a fundamental requirement for the survival of all living organisms. Earth is often referred to as a water planet, as three-quarters of its surface is covered by seawater, which is the source of all freshwater on the planet. Air moves naturally due to variations in atmospheric pressure, which are mostly brought on by temperature variations. Winds of different speeds are produced when there is a variation in atmospheric pressure because air goes from the higher to the lower pressure area. Nature has devised a unique process to extract fresh water from saltwater, which is essential for the survival of people, animals, and plants. The sun’s intense heat causes water to evaporate, and the vapor is carried into the atmosphere by winds, where it condenses into clouds in the chilly upper atmosphere.
3. Clouds are visible collections of ice crystals or microscopic water droplets in the Earth’s atmosphere. Water evaporates into a gaseous state due to the sun’s heat, and the vapor travels toward the sky on winds that reach the cool upper space where it condenses and takes the form of clouds. Clouds are then carried by winds to locations where the system is developed for rain or snow to fall. Following that rivers and streams flow, and the earth becomes fertile and prospering. A portion of the water evaporates, some seeps into the ground, and the remaining portion returns to the sea. Soil life depends on water flowing via a continuous, predetermined cycle from the sea to the air and back to the soil. Seasonal snowfall is a key component of Earth's climate system, in addition to rainfall. The amount of snow cover on Earth helps control its surface temperature. When the snow melts, the resulting water fills streams, rivers, and reservoirs throughout the planet, particularly in Western countries. Snow has been referred to as a "reservoir" in the form of ice sheets and glaciers (the cryosphere) because of its capacity to store water.
Streams and rivers:
4. Small streams that are dependent on snowfall or rainfall may seem unimportant, yet they are vital because they feed into and form large rivers on land. Additionally, these streams are essential for preserving the quantity and quality of our water supply, guaranteeing a steady flow of water to surface waterways, and assisting in the recharging of subterranean aquifers. A river is a sizable body of water that runs naturally. Safely every country of our planet and every continent has rivers. Every river has a beginning place where the water flows into it which is described as headwater. Rainfall or snowmelt from mountains can supply the headwater.
Glaciers & Sheets:
5. Large and capable of storing vast amounts of water, glaciers can flow like rivers. On land, glaciers are created when fresh snow layers bury and compress older ones. And they are composed of snow that has fallen and is crushed over many ages into ice. Lakes, rivers, and oceans receive nutrients from glacier melt. These nutrients have the power to fuel phytoplankton blooms, or microalgae, which form the foundation of marine and aquatic food chains. Plant and animal habitats in streams are maintained by the slow melting of glaciers. These days, glaciologists study glaciers to search for signs of global warming.
Access to Fresh Water:
6. According to a guide published online by the National Geographic educational series it is disclosed that approximately 0.3 percent of the fresh water on Earth is found in the surface water of lakes, rivers, and marshes; the remaining 99 percent of the water is useless by humans and many other living things. The majority of the water we consume is obtained from rivers and streams. The water flows from the source of each river over the topography, joining up with other streams along the way to shape civilization as we know it today. Ecosystems all over the world depend on this source of water.
7. A large portion of fresh water is located in groundwater, naturally found at profound depths, and is therefore expensive for communities to obtain. The source of the water supply determines which communities in towns or cities have access to water. Water bodies that supply the general public with water, such as lakes, rivers, streams, reservoirs, springs, and groundwater, are referred to as source water. Surface water diversions are part of the infrastructure for city water delivery. Large cities normally get their water from rivers, lakes, and dams.
Safe Drinking Water:
8. To ensure the highest level of safety, safe drinking water must meet certain standards. It should be neutral in taste and odorless, appearing transparent. Further, it should have a pleasant flavor and be served at an environmentally appropriate temperature. The presence of lime salts should not exceed to prescribed limits, while mineral content should be kept to a minimum. Eliminating harmful substances such as ammonia, nitrates, organic pollutants, lead salts, arsenic, and hazardous gases is essential. Moreover, secure drinking water must remain free from bacteria or any form of contamination that could result in illnesses caused by eggs, larvae, or worms.
Polluted Water:
9. Water that contains organic materials arising from degenerative processes, inorganic compounds, disease-causing bacteria, or parasites is considered polluted. The taste and smell of polluted water are very unacceptable, and it is frequently cloudy. Many different diseases can be spread by dirty or contaminated water. Insufficient amounts or poor quality of water leads to health issues, chief among these being dehydration and diarrhea.
Responsibility of States:
10. According to Article 11(1) of the International Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights of the UnitedNations, the right to an adequate standard of living derives from the right to access clean drinking water and sanitary facilities, both of which are internationally recognized human rights. Therefore, every State must guarantee that all of its citizens, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or religion, have access to a safe drinking water supply.